Waste materials research focuses on understanding the composition, characteristics, and management of various types of waste generated by human activities. This can include solid waste, wastewater, industrial waste, agricultural waste, and electronic waste, among others. Researchers in this field study methods for reducing, reusing, and recycling waste materials to minimize their environmental impact and promote sustainability. This research also aims to develop innovative technologies for waste treatment, disposal, and conversion into valuable resources, such as energy or new products. The ultimate goal is to create a circular economy where waste materials are efficiently managed and reused, rather than being discarded and causing harm to the environment.